Determination of phenolic compounds, in vitro antioxidant activity and characterization of secondary metabolites in different parts of Passiflora cincinnata by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS analysis.

Ethanol extracts of different parts of Passiflora cincinnata were obtained by maceration. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were evaluated. The antioxidant activities were determined by ß-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching test, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH), and 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging. The crude ethanol stem extract showed the highest amount of total polyphenols (45.53 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) while the highest total flavonoid contents (1.42 mg of quercetin equivalent/g) were observed in the leaf extract. The lowest IC50 (25.65 µg/ml) by the DPPH method was observed for the stem extract. The ABTS method showed a significant antioxidant activity for all investigated extracts. The secondary metabolite composition of ethanol extracts was assessed by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS analysis, leading to the identification of fourteen secondary metabolites in P. cincinnata extracts. These results showed the potentiality of this species as a source of phenolic compounds and antioxidants.

(In)Segurança Alimentar, Indicadores Socioeconômicos e Perfil Antropométrico de Mulheres Contempladas por Programa Social / Food (In)Security, Socioeconomic Indicators and Anthropometric Profile of Women Contemplated by Social Program

Objetivo: Apresentar a prevalência de (in)segurança alimentar e nutricional e analisar a associação desta com alguns indica-dores socioeconômicos e o perfil antropométrico das mulheres beneficiadas por programa social. Metodologia: A população do estudo foi constituída por mulheres beneficiadas pelo programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, no Município de Petrolina-PE. Foram coletadas informações sobre os indicadores socioeconômicos, como raça, escolaridade, renda, quantidade de moradores. Foram aferidos o peso (Kg) e a altura para o cálculo do IMC. Por fim, foram coletadas as informações sobre (in)segurança alimentar por meio da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimen-tar (EBIA). Resultados: A amostra do estudo foi constituída por 206 mulheres, em que 23,3% de suas famílias investigadas apresentaram segurança alimentar. O restante apresentou insegurança alimentar, 53,4% apresentaram insegurança leve, 13,6% insegurança moderada e 9,7% insegurança alimentar grave. O perfil antropométrico dessas mulheres não mostrou associação com a (in)segurança alimentar, sendo que 3,4% encontraram-se com baixo peso, 44,2% encontraram-se eu-tróficas e 52,4% apresentaram sobrepeso ou obesidade. Os indicadores socioeconômicos associados foram a renda total do domicílio, a escolaridade e a raça, enquanto a quantidade de moradores não se associou. A maior parte das mulheres eram pardas ou negras, possuíam baixa escolaridade e um rendimento domiciliar de até 1 salário mínimo, com quatro ou cinco moradores em seu domicílio. Conclusão: A popu-lação beneficiada apresenta elevado índice de insegurança alimentar, que está associada à baixa qualidade vida. Dessa forma, programas precisam sejam reformulados para garantir aos brasileiros acesso as necessidades básicas que possam assegurar bem-estar e qualidade vida. (AU)

Objective: To present the prevalence of food and nutritional (in)security in families benefited by a social program and to analyze the association of some socioeconomic indicators and the anthropometric profile of these women. Methodology:The study population consisted of women benefiting from the "Minha Casa Minha Vida" program in the city of Petrolina-PE. Data on socioeconomic indicators were collected, such as race, education, income, number of residents, weight (Kg) and height for the calculation of BMI. The Brazilian Scale of Food Insecu-rity (EBIA) was used to evaluate the food (in)security. Results:The study sample consisted of 206 women, where 23.3% of their families presented food security. The remaining families presented 53.4% mild, 13.6% moderate and 9.7% severe food insecurity. The anthropometric profile of these women did not show an association with food (in)security, with 3.4% being underweight, 44.2% were eutrophic and 52.4% were overweight or obese. The associated socioeconomic indicators were the total income, schooling and race, while the number of residents of the household did not have any association. Most women declared brown or black race, with low schooling and household income up to 1 minimum wage, with four or five residents in their home. Conclusion: The benefitted population has a high level of food insecurity, which is associated with poor quality of life. Thus, programs need to be reformulated to guarantee Brazilians' access to basic needs that ensure wellbeing and quality of life. (AU)

LASSBio-1586, an N-acylhydrazone derivative, attenuates nociceptive behavior and the inflammatory response in mice.

Pain and inflammation are complex clinical conditions that are present in a wide variety of disorders. Most drugs used to treat pain and inflammation have potential side effects, which makes it necessary to search for new sources of bioactive molecules. In this paper, we describe the ability of LASSBio-1586, an N-acylhydrazone derivative, to attenuate nociceptive behavior and the inflammatory response in mice. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated through acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced nociception tests. In these experimental models, LASSBio-1586 significantly (p<0.05) reduced nociceptive behavior. Several methods of acute and chronic inflammation induced by different chemical (carrageenan, histamine, croton oil, arachidonic acid) and physical (cotton pellet) agents were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of LASSBio-1586. LASSBio-1586 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity in all tests (p<0.05). Study of the mechanism of action demonstrated the possible involvement of the nitrergic, serotonergic and histamine signaling pathways. In addition, a molecular docking study was performed, indicating that LASSBio-1586 is able to block the COX-2 enzyme, reducing arachidonic acid metabolism and consequently decreasing the production of prostaglandins, which are important inflammatory mediators. In summary, LASSBio-1586 exhibited relevant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential and acted on several targets, making it a candidate for a new multi-target oral anti-inflammatory drug.

Influence of Flavonoids on Mechanism of Modulation of Insulin Secretion.

BACKGROUND: The development of alternatives for insulin secretion control in vivo or in vitro represents an important aspect to be investigated. In this direction, natural products have been progressively explored with this aim. In particular, flavonoids are potential candidates to act as insulin secretagogue. OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of flavonoid on overall modulation mechanisms of insulin secretion. METHODS: The research was conducted in the following databases and platforms: PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, SciELO, LILACS, and ScienceDirect, and the MeSH terms used for the search were flavonoids, flavones, islets of Langerhans, and insulin-secreting cells. RESULTS: Twelve articles were included and represent the basis of discussion on mechanisms of insulin secretion of flavonoids. Papers in ISI Web of Knowledge were in number of 1, Scopus 44, PubMed 264, ScienceDirect 511, and no papers from LILACS and SciELO databases. CONCLUSION: According to the literature, the majority of flavonoid subclasses can modulate insulin secretion through several pathways, in an indication that corresponding molecule is a potential candidate for active materials to be applied in the treatment of diabetes. SUMMARY: The action of natural products on insulin secretion represents an important investigation topic due to their importance in the diabetes controlIn addition to their typical antioxidant properties, flavonoids contribute to the insulin secretionThe modulation of insulin secretion is induced by flavonoids according to different mechanisms. Abbreviations used: KATP channels: ATP-sensitive K+ channels, GLUT4: Glucose transporter 4, ERK1/2: Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2, L-VDCCs: L-type voltage-dependent Ca+2 channels, GLUT1: Glucose transporter 1, AMPK: Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, PTP1B: Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, GLUT2: Glucose transporter 2, cAMP: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, PKA: Protein kinase A, PTK: Protein tyrosine kinase, CaMK II: Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, GSIS: Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, Insig-1: Insulin-induced gene 1, IRS-2: Insulin receptor substrate 2, PDX-1: Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1, SREBP-1c: Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, DMC: Dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone, GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-1R: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor.

Feiras livres: avaliação da estrutura física e do comércio / Ferias libres evaluación de la estructura fisica y el comercio / Street markets: evaluation of the physical structure and trade

Falhas múltiplas peculiares como instalações precárias, exposição e armazenamento inadequado dos alimentos, higiene precária e manipulação inadequada podem repercutir negativamente nas condições de saúde dos consumidores de feiras livres. O objetivo deste trabalho foi observar e avaliar feiras livres realizando uma avaliação da estrutura física e do comércio realizado. Trata-se de um estudo etnográfico de observação da infraestrutura das instalações, da forma de exposição e do armazenamento dos gêneros alimentícios comercializados e dos manipuladores, em feiras da cidade de Petrolina, Pernambuco,, e da avaliação do comércio desde a abordagem inicial até a atividade de orientação e conscientização. Constatou-se que as feiras apresentam irregularidades quanto à infraestrutura e à forma de exposição, armazenamento e manipulação dos alimentos; além da falta de preocupação ou do desinteresse dos comerciantes em conhecer os princípios higiênico-sanitários e, conseguintemente, contribuir para a prevenção da saúde dos consumidores. Dessa forma, devem ser promovidos programas de capacitação e reciclagem de aperfeiçoamento constante para os feirantes, a fim de assegurar que as normas e os princípios higiênico-sanitários sejam respeitados.

Multiple faults peculiar as poor facilities, exposure and improper storage of food, poor hygiene and improper handling can adversely impact the health of consumers of street markets. The aim of this study was to observe and evaluate fairs and identify the behavior of the marketer. This is an ethnographic study of observation of infrastructure of the facilities, form of exposure and storage of food stuffs marketed and handlers in free fairs in the city of Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil, and evaluation of the behavior of marketer from the initial approach until activity guidance and awareness. It was found that the fairs have irregularities with respect to infrastructure and the form of exhibition, storage and handling of food. There is also a lack of concern or indifference of the marketer to know the sanitary-hygienic principles and consequently, to contribute to the prevention of consumer health. Thus, one should promote training programs and recycle for marketer constant improvement to ensure that standards and sanitary-hygienic principles are going to be respected.

Múltiples fallas peculiares como malas instalaciones, la exposición y el almacenamiento inadecuado de los alimentos, falta de higiene y manipulación inadecuada puede afectar negativamente a la salud de los consumidores de ferias libres. El objetivo de este estudio fue el de observar y evaluar las ferias que realizan una evaluación de la estructura física y de su comercialización. Se trata de un estudio etnográfico de observación de las instalaciones de infraestructura, de la forma de presentación y el almacenamiento de los productos alimenticios comercializados y manipuladores en la ciudad de Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil, y la evaluación del comercio desde la evaluación inicial a la orientación. Se encontró que las ferias tienen irregularidades con respecto a la infraestructura y cómo exposición, almacenamiento y manipulación de los alimentos. Además de la falta de interés y de indiferencia de los vendedores en conocer los principios sanitarios-higiénicos y por consiguiente, contribuir a la prevención de la salud de los consumidores. Por lo tanto, se debe promover programas de capacitación y actualización para los vendedores para garantizar que se respeten las normas y principios sanitarios e higiénicos.